Breaking the silence on self-harm

Self-harm, also known as non-suicidal self-injury, occurs when people intentionally hurt themselves without the intention of ending their lives. This can involve cutting, burning or hitting oneself. Although it may provide temporary relief, self-harm can have serious physical and emotional consequences.

Understanding self-harm can help us approach the issue with compassion and provide better support for those in need.

Underlying causes of self-harm

Self-harm often has deep-rooted causes that can be challenging to understand. People who self-harm are dealing with intense stress, trauma or emotional pain and may use self-injury to cope. In fact, emotional regulation is one of the primary reasons individuals turn to self-harm.

"Self-harm can be a way for people to cope with overwhelming emotions linked to mental health issues like depression and anxiety, especially for those who have experienced stress, trauma or loss," says Deidre Doyle, mental health therapist at Mirmont Outpatient Center in Exton, part of Main Line Health.

Shame, guilt and low self-esteem are also significant factors that can lead to self-harm. Those who engage in self-harm often feel a deep sense of shame and guilt, which can perpetuate the cycle of self-injury.

Identifying warning signs and symptoms

Recognizing signs of self-harm is crucial for providing timely help. Look out for physical signs like cuts and bruises, but also pay attention to changes in behavior and mood, such as withdrawal and avoidance of social interactions.

"People experiencing depression and anxiety may show signs like sadness, irritability or mood swings. They may also try to hide their injuries by covering up or making excuses," says Doyle.

Behavioral changes such as a decline in performance or increased secretiveness, along with emotional signs like expressing feelings of worthlessness or hopelessness, are important indicators of mental health issues. It's crucial to pay attention to these signs and offer support to those who may be struggling.

When talking to loved ones who may be self-harming, it's important to be gentle and understanding. Start the conversation with care and avoid blaming them. Listen to their feelings and offer support to create a safe environment for them to open up. Building trust is key in helping them seek professional help, which is crucial for their recovery and healing.

Combating the stigma of self-harm

Many people who self-harm face stigma and struggle to seek help due to fear and misunderstanding. Educating others about self-harm can help create a more supportive and understanding community.

"Creating an open dialogue about mental health is crucial," says Doyle. "Have conversations that show empathy and understanding, not judgment. When people feel safe to share, it can help break down misconceptions that lead to stigma. Listen without interrupting to let individuals fully express themselves."

Promoting mental health awareness in schools, workplaces and communities can also make a big difference. Hosting workshops, providing resources and sharing personal stories of recovery can help normalize conversations about self-harm and mental health. These efforts can pave the way for a more accepting and compassionate society.

Support groups and community programs provide a safe and understanding environment for individuals to connect and feel validated. By offering professional training to teachers, employers and healthcare providers, stigma around self-harm can be reduced, ultimately leading to better support for those in need.

Supporting someone who self-harms

To help someone who self-harms, remember to always be kind and empathetic. Make them feel safe to open up, listen without judgment and support them in finding healthier outlets for their emotions like art or therapy.

"Encourage someone to seek help without making them feel bad," says Doyle. "Offer support and suggest therapy or counseling as positive ways to cope with emotions and reduce self-harm."

If you feel overwhelmed, that it's okay to seek advice from mental health professionals who can guide you in supporting your loved one. Remember, your patience and empathy can make a significant difference in their journey toward recovery. The road may be long, but with love and understanding, healing is possible.

Next steps:

Make an appointment with a behavioral health provider
Learn about mental and behavioral health care at Main Line Health
Mental health and how to deal with life crisis